McCabe-Thiele Calculator: Stages and Minimum Reflux
Design a binary distillation column with real ethanol–water VLE, azeotrope limits, animated stage stepping, minimum reflux, and Fenske–Underwood–Gilliland comparisons.
Water treatment and process engineering: softeners, septic systems, disinfection contact time, cooling towers, compressed air and distillation columns. Each calc shows its method and published sources.
Design a binary distillation column with real ethanol–water VLE, azeotrope limits, animated stage stepping, minimum reflux, and Fenske–Underwood–Gilliland comparisons.
Calculate chlorine CT, T10 from a baffling factor, required contact-tank volume and maximum flow. Compare a Giardia log target with EPA tables and explore an illustrative tracer response.
Calculate cooling tower evaporation, drift, blowdown and makeup water. Compare cycles of concentration with an LSI scaling screen, range and approach.
Size compressor free-air delivery and receiver storage from demand, duty cycle and pressure band. Estimate leak flow and electricity cost at your tariff.
Size a resin bed from hardness, iron and water demand. Compare salt doses, regeneration intervals, yearly salt and water use, and sodium added.
Estimate septic tank capacity, drain field size and pump-out timing. Compare published maintenance intervals with sludge and scum growth, with metric and US units.
Size rainwater and outage storage with a daily water balance. Compare tank capacity, demand coverage, overflow and refill time, and animate a full year of tank levels.
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